redcockaded

Redcockaded, commonly known as the red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis), is a small to medium woodpecker native to the southeastern United States. It is listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act and remains the focus of ongoing conservation efforts. Adults measure roughly 17 to 23 centimeters in length and have a black-and-white barred back with a distinctive red crown patch on the head; both sexes share the red cap, though the patch can vary in size by age and individual.

Habitat and ecology

The red-cockaded woodpecker relies on mature pine forests, especially longleaf pine stands, where living trees provide cavity nesting sites and resin wells. It excavates nesting cavities in living trees and conducts resin-collecting behavior around the nest to deter snakes and other predators. Climate, fire history, and forest structure influence territory quality and occupancy. The species is social, typically forming family groups that may include helpers who assist in feeding and defending the territory.

Diet and behavior

This woodpecker feeds primarily on insects discovered in or under the bark of pine trees, with ants and beetles comprising important components of its diet. It is known for a characteristic vocal repertoire and for drumming to establish territory and attract mates.

Conservation status

Driven by habitat loss, suppression of natural fire regimes, and fragmentation, the red-cockaded woodpecker has declined across much of its historic range. Conservation measures focus on protecting and restoring mature pine ecosystems, reintroducing prescribed fire to maintain suitable habitat, and monitoring populations. Much of its remaining range is in the southeastern United States, where ongoing management aims to stabilize and recover populations.