problemoriented

Problem-oriented refers to approaches or records organized around clearly defined problems rather than around routine activities or sources of information. In a problem-oriented framework, attention is focused on identifying a specific issue, analyzing its causes, and implementing targeted interventions. The process typically involves formulating a problem statement, collecting relevant data, assessing findings, and planning and evaluating responses.

In healthcare, the term is closely associated with the problem-oriented medical record (POMR). Introduced by Lawrence Weed, the POMR structures information around identified patient problems rather than a traditional source-oriented format. Core components usually include a database, a problem list, an initial plan, and progress notes, with SOAP notes used to document the care for each problem. The goal is to improve communication, continuity of care, and the ability to monitor progress on each issue. Critiques often point to the time and training required, as well as the need for robust data management systems.

In policing, problem-oriented policing is a strategy that seeks to reduce crime by addressing underlying social or environmental causes rather than merely responding to incidents. The approach commonly uses the SARA model—Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment—to identify problems, analyze contributing factors, implement targeted interventions, and evaluate outcomes. Success depends on collaboration with communities and other agencies, as well as access to relevant data.

Beyond medicine and law enforcement, problem-oriented methods are applied in education, management, and engineering to promote root-cause analysis and solution-focused action. Limitations include resource intensity, measurement challenges, and the requirement for organizational buy-in to sustain systematic problem solving.