polymenorroe

Polymenorrhea is a menstrual pattern defined by cycles shorter than 21 days, resulting in more frequent menstrual bleeding than is typical. Normal cycle length generally ranges from about 21 to 35 days, so polymenorrhea involves a shortened interval between periods. It can occur in adolescents as their bodies regulate cycles, in perimenopausal individuals, and in other reproductive-age people. The pattern may be regular (consistently short cycles) or irregular.

Causes and risk factors include ovulatory dysfunction or hormonal imbalance, thyroid disorders, hyperprolactinemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity, stress, excessive exercise, or changes in contraceptive use. Uterine conditions such as fibroids or polyps, as well as certain medications, can contribute to shortened cycles or frequent bleeding. In some cases, polymenorrhea may be part of normal development or transition phases and may resolve without treatment.

Diagnosis typically begins with a medical history and menstrual tracking to determine cycle length and pattern. A physical exam is often followed by tests such as a pregnancy test, complete blood count to assess anemia, thyroid function tests, prolactin level, and sometimes hormonal panels (LH/FSH). Pelvic ultrasound or other imaging may be used to evaluate the uterus and ovaries for structural causes. Endometrial sampling is considered in certain cases, especially in older individuals or when abnormal bleeding is present.

Treatment aims to regulate cycles and manage symptoms or underlying causes. Approaches include hormonal therapies (for example, combined oral contraceptives or progestin-only methods) to stabilize the endometrium, nonhormonal options such as tranexamic acid or NSAIDs for bleeding and pain, and iron supplementation if anemia is present. Addressing underlying conditions (thyroid disease, PCOS) and lifestyle factors can also help. In severe, persistent cases not responsive to medical therapy, surgical options may be discussed. Polymenorrhea is a symptom rather than a disease, and evaluation is important to determine appropriate management.