pleisteren

Pleisteren is the craft of applying plaster to interior and exterior surfaces to create a smooth, durable finish and to protect the underlying masonry. It is used on walls and ceilings made of brick, stone, concrete, or framed structures with lath or drywall. Plaster materials include lime plaster, cement-lime plaster, and gypsum plaster, each with distinct properties.

Lime plaster is traditional and breathable, useful on historic or moisture-sensitive walls. Cement-lime plaster offers greater strength and weather resistance, while gypsum plaster is fast-drying and common for interior walls in modern buildings. Exterior renders, often cement-based, may incorporate reinforcement mesh and specialized finishes for weatherproofing.

The application process typically begins with surface preparation and dampening. Plaster is mixed to a workable consistency and applied in coats. A base coat (scratch or brown coat) creates a key for subsequent layers, followed by one or more finish coats (skim coats) that determine the final texture, which can be smooth, brushed, or combed. Two- and three-coat systems are common; exterior work may use additional water-resistive finishes.

Key tools include a plastering trowel, a hawk, a darby or screed, a mixing drill, a plasterer's sponge, and levels or plumb lines. Proper curing and moisture control are essential to prevent cracking or delamination. Lime plasters are particularly valued for breathability and compatibility with old masonry; cement-based plasters are chosen for durability and speed.

Historically, pleisteren is an ancient craft found in many cultures and remains a core technique in construction and renovation in Europe and beyond. Modern practice often blends traditional lime methods with contemporary materials and standards.