hawk

Hawk is a common name applied to several species of birds of prey in the family Accipitridae. In ornithology, true hawks belong to the genera Accipiter (narrow-winged hawks such as goshawks and sparrowhawks) and Buteo (broad-winged hawks often referred to as buzzards in Europe). The term is informal and varies by region, with many raptors described as hawks in everyday speech.

Hawks are medium to large birds characterized by sharp hooked beaks, strong talons, and keen vision. Accipiter species typically have short, rounded wings and long tails suited for agile flight through forests, while Buteo species have broader wings adapted to soaring and scanning open habitats.

They are widespread across continents, occupying forests, savannas, grasslands, and urban areas. Hawks perch to scan for prey and then use soaring, hovering, or swift diving to capture it. Diet commonly includes small mammals such as rodents, birds, reptiles, and large insects, with specific preferences varying by species and habitat.

Reproduction involves forming territories and constructing nests of sticks high in trees or on cliffs. Clutch sizes typically range from two to four eggs, with incubation lasting about 28 to 35 days and fledging occurring roughly 35 to 45 days after hatching. Parental care is extended through the fledgling period.

Conservation status varies by species. Historical declines due to habitat loss and pesticide exposure prompted broad protections in many regions. Today, most hawk species are of least concern, though some local populations face threats from habitat alteration, collisions with structures, and other human impacts.