hawks

Hawks are birds of prey in the family Accipitridae. In common usage, "hawk" refers to several genera, most notably Accipiter (goshawks and sparrowhawks) and Buteo (buteos or birds commonly called hawks). The term is a vernacular grouping rather than a strict scientific classification; many species fall under one or the other lineage, depending on size and morphology.

Hawks are characterized by a sharp hooked beak, strong talons, and keen eyesight. Accipiters tend to be medium-sized birds with short, broad wings and long tails, adapted for swift maneuvering through trees. Buteos are typically larger, with broader wings suited for soaring. They occur in a wide range of climates and habitats.

Distribution varies by species but hawks are found on most continents, occupying forests, grasslands, deserts, mountains, and even urban areas. Diet is diverse, centered on small vertebrates such as mammals and birds; some species take reptiles or large insects. Hunting styles range from perch-and-pounce ambush to fast pursuit in open country.

Breeding involves seasonally noisy nests, usually placed in trees or on cliffs. Clutches commonly consist of a few eggs, incubated mainly by the female with assistance from the male in provisioning. Young hawks fledge after several weeks and may remain dependent for additional time as they disperse.

Conservation status varies by species. Many hawk populations are stable, but some face threats from habitat loss, collision with man-made structures, and pesticide exposure. Hawks play a critical role as predators in terrestrial ecosystems and are valued by birdwatchers and researchers alike.