navigacij
Navigacij is the discipline and practice of determining one’s position, planning routes, and guiding movement from one location to another. It encompasses movement across physical environments such as sea, air, and land, as well as navigation within information systems and virtual spaces where routes or sequences are followed.
Historically, navigacij began with celestial navigation—using stars and the sun—alongside the magnetic compass and terrestrial charts.
Core methods include position fixing, route planning, and progress monitoring. Position can be determined by celestial
Applications span maritime and air transport, land transportation, hiking, and disaster response. In robotics and autonomous
Key challenges include signal obstruction in urban or underwater environments, jamming or spoofing of GNSS signals,