multibandkompression

Multiband compression, also called multibandkompression in German, is a form of dynamic range processing that applies compression independently to several frequency bands of an audio signal. The signal is first routed through a mask of filters (crossover) that split the spectrum into bands, such as lows, lows-mids, highs, etc. Each band passes to its own compressor, with its own threshold, ratio, attack, release, and knee. The compressed signals are then summed back into a single output. The goal is to control dynamics more precisely than a single broadband compressor, shaping loudness and transients per spectral region.

Implementation and controls: typical configurations use 2 to 4 bands; crossover frequencies are chosen to separate bass, midrange, and high frequencies. Each band compressor operates independently; some units include lookahead, soft knee, sidechain options, and make-up gain. Some processors also allow mid/side processing, adjustable crossover slopes, or dynamic EQ features for more nuanced control.

Applications: in mastering, multiband compression helps tighten bass, smooth mids, and raise perceived loudness without squashing transients. In mixing, it can tame drums, bass guitars, and vocal sibilance without affecting other frequency areas; helpful for glue and balance in dense mixes.

Limitations and considerations: because the bands interact through the sum of their outputs, phase shifts and cross-band pumping can occur if not tuned carefully. Overuse can produce an unnatural or hollow sound. Proper sidechain routing, crossover choice, and listening with reference material are recommended.

History and development: multiband processing emerged from early dynamic processors and became widely used in analog and, later, digital form as plugins and dedicated hardware. Modern digital workstations offer extensive multiband options with precise control and programmatic presets.