makeup

Makeup comprises cosmetic products and techniques used to modify or enhance the face and body. Common items include foundation, concealer, powder, blush, bronzer, highlighter, eyeshadow, eyeliner, mascara, lip color, and brow products. Makeup can conceal imperfections, balance complexion, emphasize features, or express personal style for daily wear, fashion, photography, and performance.

The practice has ancient roots in cultures such as Egypt and Asia, and it evolved through European cosmetics in the 19th and 20th centuries into a global industry with a wide range of shades and formats.

Products come in liquid, cream, and powder forms and are applied with brushes, sponges, or fingertips. In addition to base makeup, color cosmetics cover the eyes, lips, cheeks, and brows, along with primers, setting powders, and special finishes. Safety considerations include patch testing for sensitivities, checking expiration dates, keeping tools clean, and removing makeup before sleep.

Application principles emphasize skin prep, color matching to undertones, and layering from lighter to darker shades. Blending is essential for natural results, while eye makeup requires precise technique and tool use. Lip makeup involves outlining and filling, with care taken to prevent feathering on longer-wear products. Removal with appropriate cleansers is recommended to maintain skin health.

Cultural and market aspects of makeup reflect personal and societal identities, trends, and media influence. The industry increasingly prioritizes inclusivity, offering broader shade ranges and products for diverse skin tones, while sustainability and ethical considerations shape packaging, ingredient choices, and testing practices.