layering

Layering is the arrangement of objects, materials, or information in successive layers, often to optimize function, provide insulation, create depth, or enable modularity. It is used across disciplines where complex systems are built from simpler parts.

In fashion and textiles, layering involves wearing multiple garments to adapt to weather, context, or style. Typical layers include base (skin-contact fabrics), mid (insulating or shaping), and outer layers (protection from elements). Considerations include fit, proportion, color coordination, and breathability.

In propagation, layering is a method for creating new plants from a stem while it remains attached to the parent. Techniques include tip layering and air layering. Steps: encourage rooting by wounding or applying rooting medium, secure the stem in soil or a rooting medium, keep moist until roots form, then sever the new plant.

Geology uses layering to describe stratification of rocks and sediments. Distinct layers, or strata, form through sediment deposition, volcanism, or metamorphism. Layering records environmental changes, ages, and sediment sources, and is studied in stratigraphy.

In computing, layering denotes a separation of concerns into levels with defined interfaces. Layered architectures, such as network or software stacks, place functionality into discrete layers to reduce coupling. The OSI model describes seven layers from physical to application; in practice, implementations may combine or omit layers. Layering supports modularity, testing, and interoperability.

In art and digital media, layering adds depth, texture, and compositional flexibility. Artists may build up media in physical layers (paint, glaze) or use digital layers to adjust visibility, blending, and effects without altering underlying work. Across fields, layering is a practical principle for organizing complexity through separable, interacting levels.