microtooth

Microtooth is a nonstandard term that may appear in casual writing to describe a tooth that is smaller than normal. In professional dentistry, the condition is usually referred to as microdontia, with the term peg-shaped tooth used for particularly slender crowns. The concept of a single, unusually small tooth is commonly described as localized microdontia, while a generalized pattern affects multiple teeth.

In dentistry, microdontia can be generalized or localized. Generalized microdontia involves many or all teeth and is relatively uncommon, whereas localized microdontia affects one or a few teeth, most often the upper lateral incisors, which may appear peg-shaped. The appearance is typically a cosmetic concern, though it can also influence bite and spacing.

Causes include genetic factors and developmental disturbances. Microdontia can occur as a nonsyndromic trait, or be associated with syndromes such as Down syndrome, pituitary disorders, or ectodermal dysplasias. Localized microdontia often results from disturbances during tooth germ development, though trauma, infection, or eruption issues can contribute to crown size reduction in a specific tooth.

Diagnosis relies on clinical examination and radiographs to assess tooth size relative to adjacent teeth and the overall dentition. Treatment is tailored to severity, function, and aesthetics. Mild cases may require no intervention. Cosmetic options for small or peg-shaped teeth include composite bonding, veneers, or crowns to restore proportion. Orthodontic planning may be needed when spacing or alignment is affected. The prognosis depends on the underlying cause and the chosen restorative strategy, but functional maintenance is typically achievable with appropriate care.