matchfixing

Matchfixing refers to the act of deliberately manipulating the outcome of a sporting competition or specific events within a game to gain financial or other advantages. It is a form of sports corruption that can involve players, referees, coaches, or other insiders who collude with bettors or criminal organizations. It differs from ordinary cheating in its coordinated nature and its ties to illicit betting markets.

Common forms include fixing the overall result (the winner), spot fixing (specific events within a match, such as the timing of a goal, the number of corners, or the occurrence of a particular play), and point shaving (ensuring a team loses by a controlled margin). Some cases involve bribing officials or manipulating refereeing decisions to influence the match's framework rather than the final score.

Motivations for matchfixing often center on financial gain from illegal betting, debt repayment, or other incentives offered by criminal networks. Participants may be players, referees, coaches, or others with access to sensitive information or control over match conditions.

Governing bodies and regulators, including national associations, international federations, and dedicated integrity units, monitor for irregular betting patterns and other risk indicators. Investigations can lead to sanctions such as suspensions, lifetime bans, fines, and criminal charges. Anti-corruption programs emphasize education, reporting, and transparent governance to prevent such activity.

The practice damages the integrity of sport, undermines fan trust and sponsorship, and can distort betting markets. Preventive measures emphasize robust monitoring, independent oversight, education, and severe penalties to deter involvement and protect the credibility of competitions.