makaken

Makaken, or macaques, are a group of Old World monkeys belonging to the genus Macaca. They comprise about 20 species and are native to Africa and Asia, with a distribution that extends from the Atlas Mountains of North Africa to parts of East and Southeast Asia. They occupy a wide range of habitats, including tropical forests, temperate mountains, savannas, and increasingly human-modified areas such as towns and farms.

Physically, macaques are medium-sized primates with robust builds and variable tail lengths depending on the species. Coat colors range from gray and brown to black, and facial features and cheek pouches are characteristic of the genus. They are highly social, living in multi-male, multi-female groups with stable kin-based matrilines. Social structure includes dominance hierarchies, grooming networks, and juvenile play that builds social skills. Communication relies on vocalizations, facial expressions, body postures, and scent cues.

Dietarily, macaques are omnivorous and opportunistic feeders. They consume fruit, seeds, leaves, insects, eggs, small vertebrates, and, in many areas, crops and refuse associated with human activity. Some populations have shown rudimentary tool use and social learning influences foraging strategies.

Reproduction varies by species but generally involves seasonal or multi-season breeding, with offspring cared for by mothers and often other group members. Lifespans in the wild are typically several decades, longer in captivity.

Conservation status varies by species. While many macaques are listed as Least Concern due to wide ranges, others face threats from habitat loss, hunting, and the pet trade. Macaques are notable for their ecological adaptability and their historical role in research and culture in parts of their range.