macrogenia

Macrogenia, also referred to as macrognathia in some texts, is an abnormal enlargement of the chin area that results in excessive chin prominence. It may involve the mandible itself, the soft tissues of the chin, or both. Macrogenia can present as an isolated finding or as part of broader craniofacial overgrowth, and it may be associated with malocclusion or facial asymmetry.

Causes of macrogenia are diverse. They include congenital or developmental overgrowth of the chin or mandible, endocrinologic conditions such as acromegaly or gigantism, and local bone lesions such as fibrous dysplasia or osteogenic tumors. Traumatic remodeling or post-surgical changes can also contribute. In some cases, macrogenia is part of a syndrome or complex jaw deformity rather than a standalone lesion.

Clinical features typically include a visibly prominent chin and, depending on the underlying cause, dental occlusion abnormalities such as an anterior crossbite, as well as potential facial asymmetry. Diagnosis relies on clinical examination and imaging. Lateral and panoramic radiographs assess jaw relationships and bone size, while three-dimensional imaging clarifies the contour. When a systemic condition is suspected, endocrine evaluation (eg, growth hormone and IGF-1 levels) is indicated to identify underlying causes such as acromegaly.

Treatment is determined by etiology and functional impact. Endocrine disorders require management of the underlying condition. Isolated macrogenia with functional or cosmetic concerns is commonly addressed with orthognathic procedures, such as reduction genioplasty or other mandibular contouring, often in combination with orthodontic treatment. Postoperative care typically includes stabilization and, if needed, additional orthodontics. Prognosis is generally favorable with appropriately selected intervention. See also mandibular prognathism, genioplasty, and orthognathic surgery.