labrids

Labrids, commonly known as wrasses, are a diverse family of marine ray-finned fish that includes hundreds of species in numerous genera. They are widely distributed in warm oceans and are especially common on tropical and subtropical coral reefs, though some inhabit rocky shores, seagrass beds, and sand flats. The group is important to reef ecosystems and includes many species that are popular in the aquarium trade.

Physiology and appearance vary considerably among labrids. Most have elongated bodies and a single continuous dorsal fin with spines. They typically possess a protractile jaw and specialized teeth suited to their diverse diets, which range from algae and small invertebrates to crustaceans and fish. Color patterns are highly variable and often change with age, sex, or mood; some species are notably vibrant, while others are cryptic. Body sizes range from small species of just a few centimeters to larger ones approaching half a meter.

Behavior and ecology: Labrids are generally diurnal and can be territorial, especially on reefs. Diets include algae, invertebrates, and small fishes, with some species specialized for grazing or cleaning parasites from other fish. Cleaner wrasses, such as Labroides dimidiatus, form mutualistic relationships with client fish by removing ectoparasites. Many labrids exhibit sequential hermaphroditism, most commonly protogynous sex change, where one or more females become males as social conditions change.

Taxonomy and conservation: Labrids constitute a large and taxonomically complex family within the wrasses. They are affected by overfishing, habitat loss, and climate change, and several species face localized declines even as others remain common. They are valued for ecological roles on reefs and for their appeal in aquariums, though care requirements vary widely among species.