kontroller

Kontroller is a term used in several Scandinavian languages (such as Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish) to describe a device, component, or software element that directs or coordinates the operation of a system. In general, a kontroller receives inputs, makes decisions or translations, and issues commands to other parts of the system or to actuators.

Hardware controllers: In computing and electronics, a controller is a logical or physical component that interfaces a host with a device. Examples include disk controllers, network controllers, USB controllers, graphics controllers, and PCIe controllers. These controllers manage protocols, timing, buffering, error detection, and data transfer between the system bus and peripherals.

Input controllers: The term is often used for human-input devices that enable interaction with a computer or game console, such as gamepads, joysticks, steering wheels, and motion controllers. They convert user actions into digital signals that software interprets.

Software and architecture: In software engineering, a controller is a component that handles user input, orchestrates responses, and mediates between models and views in patterns such as Model–View–Controller (MVC).

Industrial and automotive contexts: Controllers regulate subsystems in machinery and vehicles, including motor controllers, servo controllers, and engine control units (ECU). They control speed, torque, braking, and other actuators through feedback loops and control algorithms.