kokoshnik

The kokoshnik is a traditional Russian headpiece worn by women as part of the national costume. It is typically a high, semi-circular or crescent-shaped headdress that sits on the crown and frames the face, often with a stiffened front edge or arch. The piece can cover the back of the head and is commonly worn with a sarafan or other folk dress. Variants vary in silhouette, ornamentation, and regional style.

Construction and decoration: Kokoshniks are built on a rigid frame, which may be metal, wood, or fabric-covered, and are covered with rich fabrics. They are heavily decorated with embroidery, metal plaques, pearls, beads, gemstones, and enamel. Some forms are tall and temple-like, others are flatter and more curved. A veil or long scarf may be attached to the back, depending on regional and ceremonial use.

Origins and use: The kokoshnik emerged in medieval Russia and became a prominent element of festive dress from the 16th through the 19th centuries. In different periods it could indicate region or status, and it was worn by noblewomen for ceremonies as well as by peasants in regional dress. During the 19th century it experienced revivals in line with national costume movements and appeared in theatre and fashion alongside other traditional garments.

Modern era: Today the kokoshnik remains a symbol of Russian folk culture. It is seen in folk dance performances, traditional weddings, and museum collections. Contemporary designers sometimes reinterpret its silhouette for modern headwear or jewelry, preserving its cultural heritage while adapting to new contexts.