costume

A costume is clothing and accessories worn to represent a character, period, or role, or to disguise oneself. Costumes are used in theater, film, television, festivals, cosplay, and celebrations such as Halloween. They can also refer to ceremonial or traditional dress specific to a culture or event.

The term derives from French costume, borrowed into English in the early modern period; it ultimately traces to Italian and Latin roots related to custom or habit. Historically, costumes were practical garments for daily life, but by the Renaissance theater and later stage productions emphasized clothing as a visual language for character and era.

Common types include historical or period costumes, fantasy or science-fiction costumes, contemporary character costumes (cosplay), ceremonial or religious costumes, and uniforms. In performances, costumes help establish setting and mood, while in cosplay and festivals they function as participatory art and fan culture.

Design and construction involve research, patterning, draping, sewing or molding, and the use of fabrics, trims, props, and makeup. Materials range from simple textiles to foam, latex, and digital accessories. Care and safety considerations include proper handling of flammables, structural support, and safe prop use.

Costumes intersect with culture and identity; they may reflect historical accuracy or creative reinterpretation, and debates on cultural appropriation and representation can arise. Licensing and rights may govern film or television costumes. The practice continues to evolve with rapid production methods, 3D printing, and online communities.