disguise

Disguise refers to methods used to alter or conceal one's identity or appearance to prevent recognition, assume another role, or mislead observers. Disguises may modify physical appearance, behavior, or both, and can involve clothing, makeup, masks, prosthetics, voice alteration, or simulated mannerisms. They are used in entertainment such as theater, film, and cosplay; in undercover work and espionage; in military or police operations; and occasionally in everyday life for entertainment or privacy.

Techniques range from simple costume and makeup to more complex prosthetics and digital augmentation. Common elements include clothing changes to change silhouette, wig or hair color, cosmetic makeup to alter facial features, masks, and props. Behavioral disguise involves adopting different gestures, speech patterns, and gait. In modern contexts, disguise may combine physical changes with deception techniques and sometimes technology, such as voice modulators or digital filters.

Historically, disguises have appeared in theater since ancient times, as well as in masquerade balls and spy operations. The ethics and legality of disguise vary by context; disguising to commit wrongdoing is illegal in many jurisdictions, while disguises used for performance, privacy, or research may be legitimate with appropriate consent and safety.

Limitations and risks include the possibility of detection through facial analysis, inconsistencies between appearance and behavior, and physical or psychological strain from wearing prosthetics or adopting uncomfortable personas. Understanding disguise involves examining psychology, culture, technology, and law.