Costumes

Costumes are outfits worn to represent a character, role, or identity, often for performance, celebration, or disguise. They may be designed to approximate historical dress, fantasy attire, or contemporary fashion, and can include clothing, accessories, makeup, and props.

Historically, costumes evolved from ceremonial dress and masquerade traditions; in theater, costumes distinguish characters and support storytelling. In Western theater, costuming emerged in the Renaissance with standardized garments; in cinema and television, advances in fabrics, construction techniques, and special effects broadened possibilities. In the late 20th century, cosplay emerged from fan cultures as a form of participatory performance.

Traditional or cultural costumes reflect regional or national heritage and are worn during festivals and rites; ceremonial costumes mark rites of passage and official events; theatrical costumes serve character, period, and mood; film and television costumes require continuity and quick changes; cosplay adapts fictional outfits by fans for conventions and photography.

Costume design blends conceptual art with technical craft. A costume designer collaborates with directors, actors, and shop staff to realize a vision. Construction includes pattern making, sewing, fitting, and sometimes specialized work such as armor, wings, or digital effects. Garments may be rented or purchased; some institutions maintain archives or repair facilities.

Care and storage are important for longevity: cleaning according to fabric, proper drying, and labeled storage to prevent damage. Ethical considerations include respecting cultural origins and avoiding harmful stereotypes or cultural appropriation, and ensuring accessibility for performers with diverse body types.