iroko

Iroko refers to the timber produced from Milicia excelsa, a large tropical hardwood tree in the mahogany family (Meliaceae). Native to tropical West and Central Africa, iroko occurs in countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, and the Congo Basin.

The tree is a tall, broadleaf species that can reach substantial heights and trunk diameters. The heartwood of iroko is pale yellow-brown to dark golden brown, sometimes with darker streaks, while the sapwood is lighter. It has a dense, straight grain and is valued for its visual appeal as well as its mechanical properties.

Iroko timber is renowned for its durability and strength. It is heavy and moderately hard, with good resistance to decay and insect attack, making it suitable for outdoor use and heavy construction. It machines and finishes well, though it can blunt cutting tools due to its density. It accepts varnish and oil finishes and can develop a darker patina over time when exposed to light.

Common uses include flooring, decking, furniture, cabinetry, boat-building, veneers, and structural elements such as beams and outdoor joinery. It is sometimes marketed as African teak and used as a teak substitute in humid climates.

Iroko is widely harvested in West and Central Africa. Availability depends on forest management practices, and demand has led to concerns about overharvesting in some areas. Responsible sourcing programs and forest-certification schemes exist for iroko timber from certain suppliers.