Nigeria

Nigeria is a country in West Africa bordered by Benin, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon, with a coastline along the Gulf of Guinea. Its capital is Abuja; Lagos is the largest city and economic center. The population is around 216 million, making Nigeria the most populous country in Africa and one of the most populous worldwide. The official language is English; major indigenous languages include Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo. The currency is the naira.

Nigeria is a federal presidential republic consisting of 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory. The president serves as both head of state and government. The country operates a multiparty system with an elected National Assembly and an independent judiciary. It participates in regional and international organizations, and is a member of OPEC.

The economy is driven by petroleum and natural gas, which account for a substantial share of export earnings and government revenue, though agriculture remains a significant employer and source of domestic consumption. Nigeria has a large and youthful workforce, but faces development challenges including poverty, infrastructure gaps, and security issues in parts of the northeast and Middle Belt.

Historically, Nigeria was home to powerful pre-colonial states such as the Hausa city-states, the Benin Empire, and the Oyo Empire. It was united under British rule in the early 20th century and gained independence in 1960. A civil war followed from 1967 to 1970 after Biafran secession. Since 1999, Nigeria has operated as a civilian democracy, though it has faced military influence and ongoing conflicts.

Nigeria is culturally diverse, with major ethnic groups Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo. Islam dominates the north and Christianity the south, with many traditional beliefs. The country is known for Nollywood cinema, Afrobeat music, and a vibrant literary scene.