decking

Decking refers to an outdoor, flat, elevated surface connected to a building, used for leisure, dining, and circulation. A typical deck consists of a structural frame of posts, beams, and joists that support a surface of decking boards. Railings and stairs are common features, and some designs include built-in seating, lighting, or decorative skirting.

Materials used for decking vary. Wood options include pressure-treated lumber, cedar, and redwood, plus tropical hardwoods. Alternatives such as composite, PVC, and aluminum offer low maintenance and greater resistance to rot and insects. The choice affects cost, durability, appearance, and maintenance needs. Fasteners, connectors, and joists are selected to meet local building codes and span requirements; moisture exposure and temperature influence material performance.

Design and construction are governed by local building codes, with permits often required. Standards typically specify load requirements (commonly around 40 pounds per square foot live load and about 10 pounds per square foot dead load in many jurisdictions), railing height (often around 34–36 inches), footing depth (adjusted for frost and soil), and proper beam and joist sizing. The layout should consider sun exposure, drainage, accessibility, and adjacent interior space.

Maintenance varies by material. Wood decks require cleaning, sealing or staining to protect against moisture and UV damage. Composites and metals generally need less frequent maintenance but may need specific cleaners. Regular inspection for loose fasteners, rot, and movement helps ensure safety and longevity. Environmental considerations include sustainable sourcing, proper drainage, and minimizing impact on surrounding vegetation.