howlers

Howlers is a common name most often applied to howler monkeys, a group of New World primates in the genus Alouatta. They are among the largest current New World monkeys and are notable for their loud vocalizations, which can travel long distances through forested environments.

Physical characteristics and behavior: Howlers have robust bodies, coarse fur that varies in color by species, and a prehensile tail used for grasping branches. They are primarily folivores but also eat fruit, flowers, and seeds. Their calls are produced by an enlarged voice box and hyoid apparatus, creating deep, resonant roars that serve to mark territory and coordinate group activities. Social groups typically include several adults and offspring, ranging from small to medium sizes depending on species, and the groups may roam widely to forage.

Ecology and range: Howlers inhabit tropical and subtropical forests in Central and South America, with populations distributed from Mexico to northern Argentina. They are arboreal and spend most of their time in the forest canopy. Their ecological role includes seed dispersal through fruit consumption and leaf litter dynamics through foraging.

Conservation: The conservation status of howler monkeys varies by species. Habitat loss, fragmentation, and hunting threaten several populations, while some species are currently listed as of least concern. Protected areas and habitat restoration efforts are important for maintaining genetic diversity and long-term viability.

Other uses: The term howlers is also used in popular culture and sports as a name for bands, fictional groups, and teams, reflecting the distinctive vocalizations associated with the term.