falcon

Falcon is a common name for birds of prey in the genus Falco, within the family Falconidae. Falcons are diurnal hunters found worldwide, occupying a range of habitats from mountains and deserts to forests and urban areas.

They are generally medium-sized birds with slender bodies, long pointed wings, a short tail, and a strong, hooked beak. They possess keen eyesight and excellent aerial maneuverability, aided by a tomial tooth on the upper beak to deliver a killing bite.

Most falcons prey on other birds, though some species eat small mammals or insects. They hunt by pursuing prey in the air, including high-speed chases, or by hovering in place (as with some kestrels). The peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) is renowned for its high-velocity hunting stoop, with recorded dives exceeding 200 mph.

Falcons have a cosmopolitan distribution and breed in a variety of settings. They commonly nest on cliff ledges, but many species also use buildings, bridges, or trees.

Clutch size typically ranges from two to six eggs; incubation lasts about a month, with fledging following several weeks later.

Conservation has improved for many falcon species since the mid-20th century, when pesticide-induced eggshell thinning caused declines. Ongoing threats include habitat loss, vehicle and building collisions, and poisoning in some regions. Falcons are also kept and trained for the sport of falconry.