Falcons

Falcons are birds of prey in the genus Falco, within the family Falconidae. The genus comprises about 40 species, including the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) and the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus). Falcons are diurnal hunters with slender, streamlined bodies, long pointed wings, and strong, hooked beaks. They are adapted for high-speed flight and aerial pursuit, enabling rapid capture of prey in flight or on the ground. They are found worldwide, but not in Antarctica.

Hunting and behavior: Falcons rely on keen eyesight and fast, direct flight. Their diet is primarily birds, but small mammals, insects, and bats may be taken. The peregrine falcon is notable for the stoop, a high-speed dive often exceeding 200 mph (320 km/h) to strike prey in flight.

Reproduction and conservation: Falcons usually form monogamous pairs with territories; nests are placed on cliff ledges, building ledges, or occasionally in trees. Clutch size ranges from 3 to 5 eggs; incubation lasts about 29 to 32 days, and fledging occurs roughly 6 weeks after hatching. Conservation status varies; many species are stable or increasing in parts of their range, while others remain threatened by habitat loss, collisions with power lines, and past pesticide exposure. Falconry has historically and culturally used falcons in hunting.