ermines

Ermine is the name given to the species Mustela erminea, commonly known as the stoat, when it is in its white winter coat, and to the fur of this animal. The term can also refer to the animal itself.

The ermine is a small mustelid with a slender body, short legs, and a long tail. Adults measure roughly 11–31 cm in body length, with tails about 5–15 cm. The fur changes with the seasons: in winter it turns white with a distinctive black tip on the tail; in summer the coat is brown or gray above and pale beneath.

It has a Holarctic distribution, native to Europe, Asia, and North America. It occupies forests, grasslands, shrublands, and farmland, often near water or in areas with abundant small-mammal prey. The species is adaptable to a range of habitats as long as cover and prey are available.

The ermine is a solitary, versatile predator that hunts small mammals, birds, eggs, and insects. It is agile, capable of climbing and swimming, and moves through burrows and dense vegetation to pursue prey. It is active year-round, with peak activity at dawn and dusk in many areas.

Mating occurs in spring. With delayed implantation in some populations, births take place in late spring or early summer. Litters typically consist of several kits, which are altricial and grow rapidly, with the mother providing most care before dispersal.

Ermine fur, the white winter coat, has long been valued in fashion and ceremonial dress; in heraldry the term ermine denotes the stylized white fur with black tail tips. The species has a wide distribution and is generally considered of Least Concern, though regional declines have occurred where habitat is lost or trapping occurs.