Mustela

Mustela is a genus of small carnivorous mammals in the family Mustelidae. Members are elongated, with short legs and a tapered tail, and they are among the most widespread and adaptable predators of their size. The genus includes many familiar forms such as weasels, stoats, ferrets, and minks. In some classifications, the North American minks are placed in a separate genus, Neovison, while Mustela lutreola (the European mink) remains in Mustela.

Description and ecology: Mustela species are generally slender, with sharp dentition and keen senses for tracking prey. Many exhibit seasonal fur color changes, such as the stoat (Mustela erminea), which turns white in winter in northern populations. Diets are predominantly carnivorous, focusing on small mammals, birds, eggs, and occasionally fish or amphibians. They are often proficient burrowers and can be highly adaptable to different environments, including forests, grasslands, wetlands, and areas altered by humans. Behavior ranges from solitary to opportunistically social, with most species being territorial.

Distribution and habitat: Mustela species occupy a wide range across the Northern Hemisphere, from Europe and Asia to North America, and various species have been introduced or established in new areas. Habitats span woodlands, farmlands, wetlands, and margins of human activity.

Domestication and conservation: The domesticated ferret (Mustela putorius furo) derives from the European polecat (Mustela putorius) and has been used for hunting and companionship. Conservation status varies by species; some, like the European mink (Mustela lutreola) and the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes), face significant threats, while others such as the least weasel are widespread and common.

Selected species: Mustela nivalis (least weasel), Mustela erminea (stoat/ermine), Mustela putorius (European polecat), Mustela putorius furo (ferret), Mustela lutreola (European mink), Mustela nigripes (black-footed ferret).