eiinterventions

EI interventions are structured programs designed to enhance individuals' emotional intelligence, typically defined as the ability to perceive, use, understand, and manage emotions in oneself and others. These interventions are used across education, workplaces, and clinical settings to improve social functioning, leadership, and well-being.

Most programs draw on established EI frameworks such as the ability-based model (Mayer, Salovey, and Caruso) and mixed-model frameworks (e.g., Goleman), and target components including self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills.

Common methods include instructor-led workshops, coaching and feedback (including 360-degree feedback), reflective practices, role-playing, mindfulness and stress management training, and social-emotional learning curricula. Digital modules and online simulations are also used to reach wider audiences.

Evidence is mixed; some studies report improvements in EI measures and related outcomes (e.g., interpersonal behavior, job performance, burnout) in the short term, but effects vary and transfer to real-world behavior is not guaranteed. Methodological challenges include reliance on self-report measures, small sample sizes, and publication bias.

Implementation considerations include theoretical grounding, duration and intensity, cultural context, organizational support, and safeguarding against superficial endorsement. Critics point to questions about the malleability and measurement of EI, and risk of overpromising benefits.

In practice, EI interventions often form part of larger talent development or SEL programs and are evaluated with a mix of ability-based and self-report instruments.