cáo

Cão is the Portuguese word for the domesticated dog, referring to Canis lupus familiaris, a carnivorous mammal in the family Canidae. Dogs are among the most widely kept and versatile domestic animals, serving as companions, working animals, and participants in many human cultures. They are descended from the gray wolf (Canis lupus) and were domesticated in Eurasia, with selective breeding producing hundreds of breeds and a wide range of skills and appearances.

Physical variation is extensive, with sizes from small toy breeds to large working dogs, and coat types ranging from short and smooth to long, curly, or wiry. Dogs possess acute senses, especially smell and hearing, and display highly social and trainable temperaments. Lifespan varies by breed and size, commonly about 10 to 13 years for many medium-sized dogs; smaller breeds often live longer and larger breeds shorter. Reproduction involves a gestation of about 63 days, with litter sizes that can vary widely.

Dogs are capable of learning a broad range of tasks through training and form strong bonds with humans. In addition to companionship, they perform roles such as guide and assistance animals, therapy, search and rescue, detection, policing, herding, and guarding. They are typically social animals that thrive with regular exercise, mental stimulation, and consistent, humane handling.

Care and welfare for dogs include appropriate nutrition, regular veterinary care, vaccinations, parasite control, and a supportive living environment. The term cão can also appear in literature and media as the standard Portuguese term for dog.