buzzard

Buzzard is a common name for several medium- to large raptors in the genus Buteo, especially the common buzzard (Buteo buteo) of Europe and Asia. Regional usage varies, and in North America the term is sometimes applied to vultures or other raptors, leading to confusion with species such as the turkey vulture. It is not a scientific name.

Taxonomy and identification: Buzzards belong to the family Accipitridae, within the order Accipitriformes. The most widespread species is the common buzzard, a variable brown bird with broad wings, a stout body, and a relatively short tail. Plumage varies among individuals and subspecies; females are typically larger than males.

Behavior and diet: Buzzards are diurnal hunters and opportunistic feeders. They soar on thermals with wings held level or slightly arched, using perches to scan for prey. Diet is varied and includes small mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, and carrion. They often exploit agricultural landscapes and will scavenge when kidney or other food sources are scarce.

Habitat and range: They occur across Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa, favoring open countryside, woodland edges, hedgerows, and farmland where prey is accessible. They adapt to a range of habitats, from wooded regions to scrubby hillsides.

Reproduction and conservation: Buzzards nest in trees or on cliffs, laying usually 2–4 eggs. Incubation lasts about 28–34 days, with young fledging several weeks after hatching. Overall conservation status varies by region and subspecies; many populations are stable, though habitat loss and human persecution affect some groups.

Etymology: The name “buzzard” has historical roots in European languages and was adopted into English from French and older Germanic terms.