Accipitriformes

Accipitriformes is an order of birds of prey that includes most diurnal raptors such as hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and related species. They occur worldwide and inhabit a broad range of environments, from forests and grasslands to mountains and deserts. Members are typically predators or scavengers, playing important roles in shaping ecosystems through control of vertebrate populations.

Taxonomy and classification within Accipitriformes traditionally center on several families. The largest and most diverse is Accipitridae, which includes hawks, eagles, and kites. Pandionidae comprises the osprey, a specialized fish-eater. The secretarybird is placed in Sagittariidae. The status of New World vultures (Cathartidae) varies by classification; some systems place them within Accipitriformes, while others position them in a separate lineage, Cathartiformes. This reflects ongoing differences in phylogenetic interpretation.

Morphology and ecology are diverse within the order. Members typically have strong hooked beaks and sharp talons for catching prey and keen eyesight. Size ranges from small falconiform-like species to large eagles. Many Accipitriformes are powerful soarers, using rising air currents to cover large distances while scanning for food; harriers are notable for their long wings and low-level hunting flight.

Reproduction and behavior vary by species but share general raptor traits. Nests are built in trees, on cliffs, or, in some cases, on the ground; clutch sizes are modest and parental care is extensive. They may be solitary or found in family groups, with many species exhibiting seasonal migration or long-distance movements.

Conservation concerns for several species include habitat loss, poisoning, collisions with power lines and vehicles, and illegal killings. Protective legislation, habitat management, and monitoring programs support the persistence of numerous Accipitriformes species worldwide.