Sagittariidae

Sagittariidae is a small family of birds of prey that currently includes a single living species, Sagittarius serpentarius, the secretarybird. The family is characterized by its large size, long legs, and upright, crane-like posture. Fossil evidence indicates that extinct relatives related to Sagittariidae once existed, placing the group among early raptor lineages. Today, Sagittarius serpentarius is the only extant member of the family.

The secretarybird is a large, terrestrial raptor with a distinctive habit of hunting on foot. It has a predominantly gray body, black flight feathers, a white throat, and a bare facial skin with a black crest or cap. Its long legs and neck give it a unique silhouette among raptors, and it typically moves with a deliberate, upright stance rather than soaring like many other birds of prey.

Distribution and habitat occur across sub-Saharan Africa. Secretarybirds favor open savannas, grasslands, and lightly wooded areas, including agricultural landscapes near human settlements. Their diet is diverse but with a strong emphasis on snakes; they also consume lizards, frogs, insects, and small mammals. Hunting is largely terrestrial: the bird stomps through vegetation to flush prey and then strikes with quick, precise bites.

Reproduction involves nests placed in trees or on elevated platforms. Both sexes participate in nest-building and incubation, and the typical clutch contains one to three eggs. Incubation lasts several weeks, with fledgling birds remaining with the parents for several months as they learn food acquisition and handling.

Conservation status is generally of Least Concern, reflecting a wide geographic range and a stable overall population. Nonetheless, local declines can occur due to habitat modification and human-related threats.