bondingremains
Bondingremains, sometimes rendered as bonding remains, refers to the residual structures and molecules that persist after biological or chemical bonding processes have occurred within or on organic or inorganic materials. The term is most commonly used in the fields of paleontology, forensic science, and materials science to describe the trace evidence that indicates how organisms or substances were previously bonded together. In paleontology, bondingremains are examined to understand the taphonomic processes that preserve organic tissues; they may include mineralized matrixes, proteinaceous films, or fossilized polymer networks that retain the spatial arrangement of the original tissue. Forensic scientists analyze bondingremains to reconstruct postmortem changes at the microstructural level, for example, to determine the timing of bodily swelling or the extent of mechanical deformation during burial.
In materials science, bondingremains record the footprint of polymer crosslinking, binding agents, or composite interfaces after
Because bondingremains often involve microscopic or nanoscopic features, interdisciplinary collaboration is essential. Teams may combine polymer