burial

Burial, or interment, is the act of placing a deceased person into a grave, tomb, or other final resting place. It is one of several methods of disposing of a body after death, along with cremation, burial at sea, or donation to science. Burial typically involves a coffin or casket, a shroud, or sometimes an urn for cremated remains, and may be accompanied by rites, ceremonies, or prayers conducted by family, clergy, or community leaders.

Types of burial vary by tradition and setting. In-ground burial places the body in soil, often in a grave with a vault or liner. Above-ground burial uses mausoleums or columbariums for caskets or urns. Sea burial disposes of cremated remains in marine waters, while some cultures practice sky burial or exposure, where the body is left for natural decomposition or scavengers. Grave markers, headstones, or monuments commonly accompany burials to identify the deceased and support ongoing remembrance.

The process and legal framework for burial usually involve a cemetery or churchyard, with required permits or authorization. A funeral director or undertaker coordinates transportation, preparation of the body, and the ceremony, and may assist with scheduling, transportation, and documentation. Burial sites may be maintained by cemeteries or municipalities, sometimes through perpetual care funds.

Environmental and ethical considerations have raised attention to sustainable practices, such as natural or green burials that minimize embalming and nonbiodegradable materials. Cultural and religious beliefs shape burial practices, mourning rituals, and memorial traditions, which may continue through visiting graves, anniversaries, and dedicated memorial spaces.