barrskog

Barrskog is a term used in Swedish ecology and forestry to describe forests dominated by coniferous trees, primarily Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies). The word derives from "barr" meaning evergreen needles and "skog" forest. Barrskog is typical of the boreal and temperate coniferous zones in northern Europe and is common across large parts of Sweden, Finland, and Norway. It is contrasted with lövskog (deciduous forest) and blandskog (mixed forest).

Ecologically, barrskog forms a relatively uniform canopy of evergreen trees, with a ground layer often rich in mosses, lichens, and low shrubs but sometimes sparse understorey due to shade. Soils tend to be acidic and nutrient-poor, influencing species composition. Regeneration is primarily via seeds produced by mature pines and spruces, with management practices such as thinning and periodic disturbance shaping structure and age classes. Deadwood provides habitat for fungi, invertebrates, and saproxylic species.

Economically, barrskog is a major source of softwood timber and pulp in Sweden and neighboring countries. Forest management often uses rotations of several decades, with thinning to improve growth and timber quality. In recent decades bark beetle outbreaks, especially in spruce-dominated stands, and climate-related stresses have increased attention to resilience, diversification, and protection of biodiversity. Management may include converting pure stands to mixed or uneven-aged structures to reduce risk and support wildlife.

Conservation and research emphasize maintaining ecological function, soil health, and habitat diversity within barrskog, alongside timber production. Ongoing monitoring tracks growth, disturbances, and responses to climate change.