akharas

An akhara is a traditional Hindu monastic organization and training center, primarily among renunciants (sannyasis) in North India. The word akhara comes from Sanskrit and is used to describe both the physical training gym (kushti akhara) and the organizational body that governs a lineage of ascetics. Akharas function as religious communities that preserve vows, spiritual teachings, and practices, often linked to Shaiva or Vaishnava traditions, though some are non-sectarian. They maintain temples, mathas, and charitable activities, and provide instruction in scripture, meditation, yoga, and ethics.

Aharas typically operate as kinship-like lineages under a senior guru or mahant, with a code of conduct governing renunciation, celibacy, and discipline. They may oversee training centers for sannyasis, interact with lay followers, and coordinate public religious activities. A key function in contemporary Hinduism is participation in major pilgrimages and festivals, most notably the Kumbh Mela, where sannyasis from various akharas lead processions, bathe in sacred rivers, and perform rites for attendees. Akharas often maintain martial training traditions, particularly in the past, but today emphasize spiritual discipline and charity.

In modern India, akharas are represented by umbrella organizations such as the Akhil Bharatiya Akhara Parishad, which coordinates among different orders and interfaces with government bodies for safety and festival administration. The role and influence of akharas vary by region and lineage, encompassing religious leadership, social welfare, and cultural heritage.