Wheelchairs

A wheelchair is a chair mounted on wheels that provides mobility for people with impaired movement. It can be propelled manually by the user or pushed by a caregiver, or powered by electric motors controlled by joysticks or other devices. Wheelchairs are designed for use in homes, workplaces, and public spaces, and come in configurations for daily living, sports, pediatrics, and clinical therapy.

Two main categories exist: manual and powered. Manual wheelchairs include self-propelled models, where the user grasps large rear wheels to move, and attendant-propelled models, guided by another person. Powered wheelchairs use electric motors and often feature adjustable seating, tilt or recline functions, and various control interfaces. Frames can be rigid or folding; common materials include steel, aluminum, titanium, and carbon fiber. Rear drive wheels, front caster wheels, brakes, and anti-tip bars are typical components.

Sizing and seating are essential for comfort and safety. Proper seat width and depth, back height, and footplate position influence posture and pressure distribution. Pressure relief cushions reduce the risk of pressure ulcers. Adjustable armrests, leg rests, and headrests help accommodate growth, activities, and transfers.

Controls, handling, and accessories affect usability. Manual wheelchairs rely on user or caregiver propulsion, while powered chairs use switches, joysticks, or alternative controls. Many models offer portable foldability for transport, and features such as swivel armrests, removable footrests, tray tables, storage pouches, and travel wheels.

History shows steady progress toward lighter, more adaptable designs. Modern wheelchairs enhance independence and participation in daily activities, with selection guided by medical, functional, and environmental needs, supported by fitting, maintenance, and rehabilitation services.