VirtualReality

Virtual reality (VR) refers to computer-generated, interactive environments that simulate three-dimensional worlds. Most VR experiences are accessed via a head-mounted display (HMD) that presents stereoscopic images and tracks head movements, creating a sense of immersion. Users interact with the virtual environment through motion controllers, gloves, or hand tracking, enabling manipulation of digital objects and navigation within the scene.

Hardware and software: Modern VR systems combine an HMD with motion tracking, input devices, and spatial audio. Some setups rely on external sensors; others use inside-out tracking with cameras on the headset. Many headsets are tethered to a computer or run as standalone devices, often with wireless connectivity. Advances include higher display resolution, lower latency, and features such as foveated rendering and room-scale tracking.

Experience: VR ranges from seated, non-immersive experiences to fully immersive, room-scale simulations. Six degrees of freedom allows movement in space, while standing or seated configurations limit movement. With virtual reality, users can explore, create, and interact in ways that differ from traditional interfaces.

History: Concepts of immersive simulators originated in the mid-20th century. The term gained prominence in the 1990s and experienced a resurgence in the 2010s with consumer headsets and digital distribution.

Applications: VR is used in gaming, education, medicine, military and industrial training, architectural visualization, design, therapy, and social experiences. Research examines presence, collaboration, and long-term effects of VR use.

Challenges: Motion sickness, hardware cost, physical space requirements, accessibility, and privacy concerns limit adoption. Safety guidelines and ergonomic design are emphasized as VR devices become more common.