Trichiuridae

Trichiuridae is a family of ray-finned fishes commonly known as cutlassfishes or ribbonfishes. The group comprises several genera and numerous species distributed in warm-temperate and tropical seas worldwide. Members are distinguished by their extremely elongated, ribbon-like bodies and pointed heads. The dorsal and anal fins are long and often run along much of the body, while the caudal fin is small; pelvic fins are absent in most species.

Morphology and identification: The body is slender and covered with small scales. Coloration is typically silvery with a darker dorsal surface. The jaws carry sharp, needle-like teeth suited to catching small fishes and invertebrates. The overall silhouette is eel-like, contributing to their common name.

Distribution and habitat: Cutlassfishes are primarily pelagic and inhabit open sea and coastal shelf zones, from nearshore waters to relatively deep offshore regions. They occur in warm waters from subtropical to tropical latitudes and may migrate seasonally. Juveniles are often found in shallower, nearshore habitats.

Ecology and behavior: They are active predators, feeding on schooling fishes and crustaceans. Many species are nocturnal or crepuscular, moving through the water column rather than staying near the bottom. Their elongated bodies enable rapid strikes at prey.

Fisheries and human use: Cutlassfishes are of commercial importance in many regions, valued for their white, mild-flavored flesh. They are caught by various gear, including trawls, longlines, and gillnets, and marketed fresh, salted, or processed. Some populations have experienced pressure from overfishing in certain areas and are subject to regional management measures.

Notable species: The most widely recognized species include Trichiurus lepturus, the Atlantic cutlassfish, and Trichiurus japonicus, the Japanese cutlassfish, which dominate captures in many markets.