Toimingusüsteemid

Toimingusüsteemid, commonly referred to as operating systems or OS, are fundamental software programs that manage computer hardware and software resources. They act as an intermediary between the user and the computer's hardware, providing a platform for applications to run. The primary functions of an operating system include process management, memory management, file system management, and device management.

Process management involves allocating processor time to various running programs, ensuring fair and efficient execution. Memory management is responsible for allocating and deallocating memory space to processes, preventing conflicts and optimizing usage. The file system manages how data is stored, organized, and retrieved from storage devices. Device management handles the interaction between the OS and various hardware peripherals like printers, keyboards, and monitors.

Operating systems can be broadly categorized into graphical user interface (GUI) and command-line interface (CLI) systems. GUIs, like those found in Windows and macOS, use visual elements such as icons and windows for user interaction, making them intuitive for most users. CLIs, prevalent in systems like Linux and Unix, rely on text-based commands, offering greater flexibility and control for advanced users. Popular examples of operating systems include Microsoft Windows, Apple macOS, Linux distributions (such as Ubuntu and Fedora), and mobile operating systems like Google Android and Apple iOS. The choice of operating system often depends on user preference, hardware compatibility, and the intended use of the computer.