Thoraxkyphose

Thoraxkyphose, commonly referred to as thoracic kyphosis, is an excessive outward curvature of the thoracic spine that produces a rounded, stooped upper back. In healthy individuals, thoracic kyphosis generally falls within a moderate range; hyperkyphosis is defined when the curvature is increased beyond the normal limits on a standing lateral radiograph.

Causes and forms of thoraxkyphose vary. Postural kyphosis arises from habitual slouching and tends to be mild and flexible. Structural or Scheuermann’s kyphosis occurs in adolescents and involves wedging of several thoracic vertebrae. Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in older adults can increase thoracic kyphosis and cause pain. Other causes include congenital vertebral anomalies, spinal infections or tumors, inflammatory diseases, and trauma. The condition may be isolated or associated with scoliosis or other spinal deformities.

Clinical features include a visibly rounded back, reduced height, and back pain or stiffness in some individuals. In severe cases, the deformity can impair chest expansion and, occasionally, pulmonary function. Diagnosis relies on physical examination and imaging, with standing lateral X-rays used to measure the kyphotic angle (Cobb method) and to assess vertebral body height and wedging. Additional imaging may be needed to identify underlying causes.

Management is cause-specific and often staged. Mild postural kyphosis may respond to physical therapy and exercises that strengthen the back and improve posture. Scheuermann’s kyphosis often requires bracing in growing children and adolescents; persistent or severe deformity may require surgical correction. Osteoporotic kyphosis is addressed with osteoporosis management, pain control, and, in selected cases, vertebral augmentation or surgery. Early intervention aims to relieve pain, prevent progression, and maintain function.

Prognosis varies by cause and severity; mild, flexible forms have good outcomes with conservative care, while severe deformities may require multidisciplinary treatment. See also kyphosis and scoliosis.