Postural

Postural is an adjective relating to posture, the position and alignment of the head, trunk, and limbs in static and dynamic activities. Posture describes how the body is held at any moment and is determined by skeletal structure, muscle strength, joint mobility, neuromuscular control, and sensory feedback from proprioception and balance systems. Proper postural alignment aims to balance the curves of the spine and distribute mechanical loads efficiently to minimize muscular effort and reduce injury risk.

Static posture refers to alignment when standing or sitting still, while dynamic posture describes alignment during movement. Factors such as habit, ergonomics, occupation, injury, and aging influence posture over time. Prolonged or repetitive maladaptive postures can contribute to musculoskeletal pain, headaches, and reduced pulmonary function, whereas well-aligned posture supports functional movement and breathing.

Assessment commonly involves visual observation, landmarks, plumb line methods, and functional tests. Imaging is not routinely required. Advances in motion analysis and wearable sensors offer objective measurements, while smartphone apps and feedback devices can support monitoring and training.

Interventions for improving posture emphasize muscle balance and neuromuscular control. Programs typically include core and back strengthening, thoracic spine and shoulder mobility, balance training, and functional movement practice. Ergonomic adjustments, education on alignment, and targeted physical therapy or occupational therapy are common components. Early development in children and adolescents should be monitored to support healthy growth of alignment patterns.

In related disciplines, postural concepts underpin rehabilitation, athletic conditioning, and ergonomics. The term also appears in contexts such as postural drainage in respiratory care, which refers to positioning techniques to aid mucus clearance, though the broader sense remains posture and alignment.