Tahrs

Tahrs are large wild goats native to the mountainous regions of South Asia. The term commonly covers two living species: the Himalayan tahr, found in the central and eastern Himalayas, and the Nilgiri tahr, restricted to the Western Ghats of southern India. Taxonomically, tahrs have been placed in different genera over time; many sources now classify them in Capra, with Nilgiri tahr sometimes treated as a distinct subgenus or genus (Nilgiritragus).

Distribution and habitat

Himalayan tahrs inhabit alpine scrub and rocky slopes at elevations roughly from 1,500 to 5,000 meters, while Nilgiri tahrs live in the montane grasslands and shola forests of the Western Ghats. Both prefer rugged, broken terrain that provides escape opportunities from predators and human disturbance.

Physical characteristics

Both species are robust, with males (bulls) typically larger and possessing thick, curved horns. The coat is shaggy and varies seasonally, generally brown to gray. Females are smaller and have shorter horns.

Behavior and diet

Tahrs are herbivores and ruminants. They form social groups that change with season: females and juveniles often travel in mixed herds, while adult males may become territorial and form bachelor groups outside the mating season. Their diet consists mainly of grasses, herbs, and shoots, with forage quality influencing seasonal movements.

Reproduction

Breeding occurs mainly in the late autumn to winter. Gestation lasts about six months, usually resulting in a single calf, though twins can occur.

Conservation

Nilgiri tahr is listed as endangered, while Himalayan tahr's status ranges from vulnerable to near threatened in different assessments. Threats include habitat loss, fragmentation, hunting, and competition with livestock. Conservation efforts focus on protected areas, habitat restoration, anti-poaching measures, and translocation or breeding programs where feasible.