SystemonModules

System on modules, abbreviated SoMs, are modular computing units designed for embedded and industrial applications. A SoM typically contains a processor subsystem (often a System on Chip or multi-core CPU), memory (RAM and flash), power management, and essential I/O all on a compact board. The module is intended to be mounted on a separate carrier board that provides application-specific interfaces, sensors, actuators, and external connectors. This separation allows reuse of the compute module across multiple products, enabling faster time-to-market and easier software and hardware upgrades while maintaining a common software base.

Form factors and standards for SoMs include well-known specifications such as COM Express, QSeven, and SMARC, though many vendors also offer non-standard modules. SoMs may utilize ARM, x86, or other architectures and often include integrated graphics, security features, and hardware accelerators. They typically expose interfaces such as PCIe, USB, Ethernet, SATA or embedded storage (eMMC/Flash), display interfaces (HDMI, LVDS/DSI), and camera interfaces (CSI).

Operating systems supported on SoMs commonly include Linux and Android, with Windows in some cases. Vendors provide board support packages, middleware, and long-term support to align with product lifecycles. SoMs are widely used in embedded, industrial automation, medical devices, transportation, and IoT gateways, where they offer reduced development risk, shorter development cycles, and easier lifecycle management.

Advantages of SoMs include faster development, standardized interfaces, and better hardware reuse; drawbacks include reliance on a carrier board, potential higher unit costs, and the need for effective thermal management. Selection factors typically cover performance, power, thermal design, supply stability, and lifecycle commitments. Notable manufacturers include Congatec, Toradex, Variscite, Kontron, and AAEON.