Soolepõletik

Soolepõletik, commonly referred to as colitis, is an inflammation of the lining of the colon and rectum. The condition can arise from a variety of factors, including infections, autoimmune disorders, ischemia, or medication side effects. In many cases, the exact cause remains unclear, leading to the classification of idiopathic colitis.

Typical symptoms of soolepõletik include abdominal pain, crampy discomfort, diarrhea that may contain blood or mucus, urgency, tenesmus, and general fatigue. The severity of these symptoms varies widely; some individuals experience mild, intermittent episodes, while others may endure chronic, debilitating flare-ups. Diagnostic procedures often involve colonoscopy with biopsy, stool studies to detect infectious agents, and imaging studies such as CT scans to evaluate the extent of inflammation and rule out complications like abscesses.

Therapeutic approaches focus on reducing inflammation, relieving symptoms, and preventing complications. First‑line treatment typically involves anti-inflammatory medications, such as 5‑aminosalicylic acid preparations, and corticosteroids for moderate to severe disease. In cases that do not respond adequately, immunosuppressants or biologic agents targeting tumor necrosis factor alpha are considered. Management also emphasizes adequate hydration, electrolyte correction, and, where appropriate, nutritional support. Surgical intervention is reserved for severe, refractory disease or complications such as perforation.

The prognosis for soolepõletik depends on its underlying cause and the timeliness of therapeutic intervention. With proper treatment, many patients achieve remission and can maintain a normal lifestyle. Nevertheless, recurrent episodes may require long‑term maintenance therapy. Preventive strategies include early treatment of infections, cautious use of potentially colitogenic medications, and maintaining a balanced diet rich in fiber to promote healthy bowel movements.►