tumor

A tumor is an abnormal mass or growth of tissue that occurs when cells divide and multiply beyond their normal limits. Tumors can be classified into two main categories: benign and malignant. Benign tumors are non-cancerous; they tend to grow slowly, do not invade surrounding tissues, and are usually not life-threatening. Malignant tumors are cancerous; they can grow rapidly, invade adjacent tissues, and metastasize to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

Tumor formation results from genetic mutations or alterations that disrupt normal cell cycle regulation. These changes may be caused by environmental factors such as radiation, chemicals, or viruses, or they may occur spontaneously. Tumors can develop in almost any tissue or organ, including the brain, lungs, breast, skin, and organs of the digestive system.

Diagnosis of tumors often involves imaging techniques such as MRI, CT scans, and PET scans, along with biopsies for microscopic examination. Treatment options vary depending on the tumor type, location, and stage, and may include surgical removal, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy.

The growth and spread of malignant tumors pose significant health risks, and early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. Ongoing research aims to understand the biological mechanisms underlying tumor development to develop more effective therapies and improve diagnostic methods. Despite advances, tumors remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis, prevention, and personalized treatment strategies.