Savannenelefant

Savannenelefant, commonly known as the savanna elephant, is a large herbivorous mammal of the family Elephantidae native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is the best known Africa-wide elephant and, in traditional taxonomy, corresponds to the species Loxodonta africana.

Adults stand about 3.2 to 4.0 meters tall at the shoulder and can weigh between 2,500 and 6,000 kilograms. They have large ears that help regulate body temperature and long tusks used for digging, stripping bark, and defense. The trunk, an elongated fusion of the nose and upper lip, is highly versatile for feeding, drinking, and social gestures.

The savannenelefant habitat includes a range of open savannas, grasslands, and light woodlands across sub-Saharan Africa. The species forms matriarchal herds led by the oldest female, with males leaving the herd to become solitary or join bachelor groups as they mature. They undertake seasonal migrations in response to rainfall and forage availability.

Diet consists mainly of grasses, leaves, twigs, fruits, and bark. They are known for feeding for many hours daily and require large quantities of water. Social behavior centers on strong family bonds, with recent offspring often cared for by multiple females in the herd.

Conservation status: The savannenelefant is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN due to habitat loss and poaching for ivory. Protected areas and anti-poaching measures have aided recovery in some regions, but populations remain fragmented in parts of Africa.

Ecological role and human context: as a keystone species, savannenelefants shape habitats through grazing and seed dispersal, create water access points, and influence plant communities. They hold significant cultural and economic importance for many African communities and wildlife tourism.