Loxodonta

Loxodonta is a genus of elephants in the family Elephantidae. It contains two living species: the African bush elephant, Loxodonta africana, and the African forest elephant, Loxodonta cyclotis. The genus name derives from Greek roots meaning “slanted tooth,” referencing the tusks.

Geographic range and habitat: L. africana ranges across sub-Saharan Africa in savannas and woodlands, often in open habitats but adaptable to various landscapes. L. cyclotis inhabits dense tropical forests in central and western Africa, where terrain and vegetation shape its foraging and movement.

Physical characteristics: Both species are large, herbivorous elephants with two finger-like projections at the tip of each trunk. Bush elephants are generally larger, with broader ears and more massive tusks, while forest elephants are smaller and more slender, with straighter tusks and adaptations suited to forest life.

Behavior and ecology: They live in matriarchal social groups and display complex social behavior, communication, and long-distance movements. They are keystone species in their ecosystems, influencing forest and savanna structure, seed dispersal, and nutrient cycles.

Conservation: Both species face threats from poaching for ivory, habitat loss, and conflict with humans. The African forest elephant is typically considered more at risk, with assessments often listing it as Critically Endangered, while the African bush elephant is listed as Endangered. Ongoing conservation efforts include anti-poaching measures, habitat protection, and community-based stewardship.

Taxonomy and evolution: Loxodonta diverged from the lineage leading to Asian elephants several million years ago. The two living species are genetically distinct and exhibit notable differences in dentition and skull morphology.