SandwichMethode

The SandwichMethode, often called the sandwich method, is a communication technique used to deliver feedback by enclosing critical observations between two positive or neutral statements. It is commonly used in management, education, coaching, and peer feedback.

The typical structure involves three parts: start with praise or recognition of strengths; present the issue with specific, observable behavior and its effect, with concrete examples; conclude with encouragement and clear next steps or support. Some variants place the negative feedback in the middle and end with a closing positive note, while others emphasize a balance throughout.

Origins and usage: The method has become widespread in corporate training and classroom settings as a practical approach to reduce defensiveness and help recipients focus on improvement. Its exact origins are not well defined, but it has been propagated across management and educational literature since the late 20th century.

Advantages and criticisms: Proponents argue that it can protect motivation, clarify expectations, and make criticism easier to accept. Critics say it can feel insincere or formulaic, dilute the seriousness of negative feedback, or mask important issues if used mechanically. Its effectiveness often depends on sincerity, relevance, and the inclusion of concrete, actionable guidance, ideally complemented by other feedback models.

Best practices: Use the method in private, tailor the message to the individual, be timely, be specific about behaviors and impacts, avoid personal judgments, offer concrete next steps, and remain open to dialogue. When used thoughtfully and sparingly, it can support constructive feedback while preserving a positive working or learning relationship.